Prolonging the network lifetime based on LPA-star algorithm and fuzzy logic in wireless sensor network

Energy conservation of battery-powered sensor nodes is an exceedingly critical issue for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), thus the extending of battery life has become a main driver for designing an energy-efficient protocol. Most routing protocol schemes achieving energy efficiency through forwarding packets to the base station along the shortest paths simply to save energy, which cause non-uniform energy consumption among sensor nodes and eventually lead to network partition. The selection of a suitable routing protocol can significantly improve overall performance in WSNs and especially energy awareness. Therefore, this paper proposes a new approach called Fuzzy_ LPA-star protocol which achieved by combining an LPA-star search algorithm with a fuzzy system in order to extend the WSNs lifetime. The proposed protocol is based on three important parameters for choosing the appropriate optimum path, which are; residual energy, distance to the sink and the traffic load of nodes. The simulation results reveal significant improvements of the proposed approaches as compared to the performance of the Fuzzy system, Fuzzy_A-star protocol, and LPA-star algorithm under the same routing criteria.