Comprehensive survey of V2V communication for 4G mobile and wireless technology

Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANet) enables Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication where vehicles exchange data while moving at different speeds. Since Ad Hoc network does not rely on any fixed infrastructure, vehicles are organized in a well-defined dynamic topology. However, the spectrum allocated to V2V suffered from lack of capacity due to increase in number of vehicles. On the other hand, Device to Device (D2D) communication enables direct communication between users in vicinity. The main concept is that devices should be in proximity. D2D is very important in terms of network control over communication sessions and minimum involvement of the network, called offloading Evolved Node B (eNB). Offloading will help to overcome the delay and timing issues which originate problems in V2V. This paper presents a comprehensive survey about the requirements for V2V communication over 4G and beyond (5G) network and focuses on localization for the purpose of device discovery. A detailed survey of D2D communication is also included. Various protocols are studied and a detailed summary is presented for various localization techniques used in VANet. Clustering of vehicles under VANet with distance metric is also discussed. The limitations and challenges of various algorithms are also presented.