Optimal storage operation in EV charging stations delivering grid services

This paper presents criteria for the optimal operation of an EV charging station, capable of providing the grid with regulation services such as frequency and voltage control, peak shaving, and load leveling. The presence of an additional storage device connected to the charging station is investigated; both configurations are analyzed in which the storage device of each vehicle contributes to such services and in which the charging profile is independently imposed by the vehicle charging control system.