LEACH-WM: Weighted and intra-cluster multi-hop energy-efficient algorithm for wireless sensor networks

In order to minimize energy dissipation and maximize network lifetime, a new energy-efficient algorithm (LEACH-WM) based on weight and intra-cluster multi-hop mechanism is proposed in this paper. In the steady phase of LEACH-WM, a weight relay is elected in the cluster according to member nodes' residual energy and their distances away from the base station (BS).Cluster head sends aggregation data to its weight relay, which then forwards data to the BS. This process minimizes energy dissipation of the cluster head. The above mechanism distributes energy dissipation more uniformly in the network and further prolongs network life time. Simulations show that LEACH-WM does make alive nodes and dead nodes distribute more evenly in the network and it outperforms LEACH, LEACH-DCHS (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy with Deterministic Cluster-Head Selection) and TB-LEACH (A Time-based Cluster-Head Selection Algorithm for LEACH)in terms of network lifetime and energy dissipation.