Requirements for an advanced PMU calibrator

While phasor measurement units (PMUs) are used primarily in transmission networks, researchers envisage using them in distribution networks. The rapid proliferation of renewable sources in distribution networks introduces volatility that could be compensated with storage elements. The active control of these storage devices requires the knowledge of the system state based on frequent PMU measurements. The small dimensions of distribution networks require PMUs with a total vector error (TVE) presently believed to be around 0.05 %. This places even more stringent requirement on the calibrators used for these advanced PMUs. This paper explores the requirements and possible implementation of an advanced PMU calibrator.