Analysis of Noise-Induced Tracking loss in PI controlled systems with anti-windup

Tracking loss due to zero mean measurement noise has recently been discovered in PI controlled systems with anti-windup. This phenomenon was referred to as “Noise-Induced Tracking Error (NITE)” and the error was quantified for a particular type of anti-windup in previous work. In this paper, we give analyses of NITE with general types of anti-windup. Specifically, several anti-windup structures introduced in representative work are considered with PI controlled systems, and NITE for all systems are quantified in terms of system parameters and noise characteristics.