Hysteresis in PDE model of a Li-ion battery

Lithium-ion batteries are commonly used to store energy in electric vehicles. Hysteresis is an important phenomenon observed in the response of these batteries. The most common observation for lithium ion batteries is open circuit voltage and these measurements exhibit hysteretic behavior. However, the effect of system dynamics on hysteresis has not been studied. In this work, simulations with a detailed electro-chemical model are presented that indicate that intrinsic system dynamics are a significant cause of hysteretic behavior in lithium-ion batteries.