Filter realization technique based on gyrator-resonator circuit replacement

The application of active elements such as gyrator and negative capacitance simulator in conjunction with piezoelectric resonators allows to imitate simple LC circuits employed in bandpass, low-pass and high-pass filter design. In contrast to the circuits composed of distributed elements, active circuits with resonators provide minimal sensitivity to component variations and less parameter offsets during production. They also have smaller dimensions and can be integrated with digital signal processing on a single chip including the possibility electronic adjustment. The replacement principle of LC circuit prototypes by the active analogs is described in details. The active low-pass filter was designed and analyzed using the presented approach to review the special considerations about resonators application.