Nanotechnology for portable energy systems: Modular photovoltaics, energy storage and electronics

For portable energy systems, this paper examines nanotechnology-enabled high-power and high-energy density microelectronics, power electronics, energy sources, and energy storage solutions. These energy systems are used in various applications including aerospace, biomedical, communication, electronics, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), robotics, etc. Proof-of-concept autonomous power systems are designed, and, practical solutions are substantiated and proposed. We perform applied research and technology developments in the design of efficient energy harvesting, energy management, and energy storage systems. To guarantee modularity and compatibility, the following components and modules are examined: (1) Low-power microelectronics; (2) High-power-density power electronics with high-current, high-voltage and high-frequency power MOSFETs; (3) High-efficiency energy harvesting sources such as solar cells and electromagnetic generators; (4) High specific energy and power density electrochemical energy storage devices; (5) Optimal energy management systems. The most advanced technology-proven nanoscale microelectronics, MEMS sensors, and energy conversion solutions are studied. The modular design, enabling topologies and optimization schemes result in high-performance micro- and mini-scale energy systems.