A microstructure for interfacing with neurons: the neurochip

A new type of multielectrode array for studies of cultured neural networks is described. It is a silicon microstructure, a "neurochip", which embodies wells on the surface of a chip that are designed to contain single neurons. Each well has a platinized gold electrode which can be used for stimulating a neuron in the well or for recording from it. Each well is covered with a structure which provides tunnels through which axons and dendrites can grow out and a central hole through which the neurons can be loaded into the well. The processes thus trap the cells in the wells. The first application of this method is described: A4/spl times/4 array of wells spaced 100 /spl mu/m apart. Results are described which show long term survival and outgrowth of neurons from the wells, and the use of well electrodes to both record and stimulate electrical activity of individual neurons.