A microgrid energy management system supported by a hysteresis Vehicle to Grid controller

In order to support the energy management systems (EMSs) of microgrids, bidirectional current controllers for the charging stations of electric vehicles (EVs) have been investigated. For this purpose, different strategies for implementing Vehicle to Grid (V2G) have been considered. The EMS goal is to balance the energy demand and production in microgrids by maximizing the self-consumption by means of electric vehicle storage systems. In order to compare the EMS performances, two different approaches in controlling the V2G charging stations, based on continuous and hysteresis control algorithms, have been analysed. In particular, a V2G hysteresis controller with step wise constant current profiles has been designed in order to preserve the EV battery life. The proposed control algorithm has been simulated considering the actual measurements of a real microgrid characterised by an intermittent renewable energy overproduction. The results show the feasibility to implement V2G paradigm by means of hysteresis controller for the management of the EV charging currents with step wise constant profiles.