Evaluation of the entire battery life cycle with respect to lithium ion batteries

The significance of Lithium-Ion Batteries in the power system and thus the penetration is consistently increasing. Particularly electric vehicles and photovoltaic storage systems act as market drivers. In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in optimizing the production and utilization of batteries. However, many studies have focused merely on single areas of the life cycle. So far, little effort has been devoted to assess the entire life cycle. The present paper addresses this issue and aims at analyzing the interconnection between the production and the utilization process steps.