Edge perturbation effect in polygonal patch antennas

The effect of edge perturbation in vertex-fed polygonal patch antennas is studied and analyzed. A polygram shape is obtained by perturbing the edge of polygon. Here, edges of a pentagon and a hexagon are perturbed to obtain a pentagram and hexagram respectively. Pentagram and hexagram patch designs are simulated for different angles (θ) formed when midpoint (vm) of edge of polygon moves towards the center of polygon between adjacent vertices to understand the effect of edge perturbation. The characterization of antenna designs to observe the effect of change in patch design on scattering, impedance and gain characteristics of antennas is performed through simulation on CST MWS®. It is observed that wideband characteristics between 12 to 20 GHz of pentagonal and hexagonal patch antennas are retained with pentagram and hexagram geometries till angle θ is greater than 165.63° and 163.15° respectively. For lower values of θ, multiband behavior is observed for polygram patch antenna designs. Analyzing results of all patch geometries reflects that the performance of the pentagonal patch antenna is better in terms of gain compared to others within the operating band.