Based on two dynamically beam-forming capabilities in a 2D phased array antenna system

In this paper, a novel beam-forming system consisting of 16 subarray antennas, each containing four aperture-coupled patch antennas, is presented in smart wireless communication systems. Each of the subarray antennas was able to switch its beam patterns toward one of nine zones over a half space by adjusting the specific phase delay angles among the four antenna elements. Furthermore, when all subarrays are pointed at the same zone, slightly continuous beam steering can be achieved by dynamically altering the progressive phase delay angle among the subarrays. Notable, this study implemented the aperture-coupled patch array integrated with feeding networks and a phase-calibration system to carefully verify its spatially switched-beam and beam-steering characteristics at a center frequency of 2.4 GHz which can cover some LTE applications.