Network service chaining challenges for VNF outsourcing in network function virtualization

Fundamentally, network function virtualization (NFV) allows virtual network functions (VNFs) to be outsourced by a third party because it separates network functions from their locations. However, the VNF outsourcing raises significant challenges for network service chains, which is a necessary technology to realize NFV. This paper discusses challenges of the network service chain under consideration for VNF outsourcing.