STEM Literacy: Challenges implementing ‘E’ in local texas-STEM academies

This paper focuses on the challenges apparent to implementing the engineering experience component within science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) programs adopted at state designated academies in El Paso, Texas, based on a literature review, preliminary to potential research opportunities. El Paso is ranked as one of the poorest metropolitan areas in the country, and improvements in growing STEM success can impact the region's output of qualified professionals in those fields. According to research studies, students enrolled in STEM schools significantly impact enrollment in college, through taking STEM subjects in high school and pursuing STEM careers through higher education. Eight local STEM academies have been established since 2006 and their educators and school leaders may need to revamp STEM efforts by addressing these engineering implementation challenges. The literature reviewed includes national and state policies; local initiatives; integrated curriculum; national and state engineering standards; and school leadership. Some challenges schools face when pursing STEM literacy are educator certification and training, state requirements, standardized testing, insufficient funding, engineering curriculum, among others. As a result of this literature review, future research opportunities are identified within STEM academies, which may guide education leaders towards best practices in engineering education and quality of STEM literacy.