Interactive energy management strategy for MMC-based EV fleet integrated into smart grid

With predictably rapid development of Electric Vehicles (EVs), how to integrate EV fleet into smart grid intelligently and efficiently is a big concern for power industry and academic. To provide a possible solution for this issue, this paper is to apply a modular multilevel converter (MMC) as a power electronic interface to integrating EV fleet into grid by embedding EVs into the DC link of each module of MMC. Considering differences of initial SOC and charge/discharge demand for each EV connected to the MMC, a virtual SOC concept is proposed and used to realize interactive energy management between EVs and utility and reduce the impact of large-scale application of EVs on utility. Detailed modulation strategy and control scheme are presented and a MMC-based EV fleet system model is established in Matlab/Simulink to verify the availability and feasibility of the proposed system and interactive energy management strategy.