Investigation into a miniaturized, wideband Yagi-Uda antenna

A miniaturized Yagi-Uda antenna with wideband characteristic was proposed by employing conical designs in the driver and director and a piece of spherical-shaped reflector. The achieved 10-dB impedance bandwidth is 54%. The electrical size of the antenna is a kr of 1.07, where k is calculated using the lowest frequency of operation (0.65 GHz). The average realized gain over the operating frequency band is 8.3 dBi.