Systematic evaluation of the characteristics and generation of low-frequency plasmaspheric hiss

Plasmaspheric hiss emissions, which are typically observed inside the plasmasphere, are known to play an important role in controlling the overall structure and dynamics of the Earth's radiation belts through pitch angle scattering. Although the characteristics of hiss have been studied using previous satellite data, the statistical results need further improvement due to the limited frequency coverage and resolution of previous satellites, and the difficulty of differentiating hiss from other types of emissions in the inner magnetosphere. Moreover, despite its recognized importance, the generation of plasmaspheric hiss has been a topic of intense debate for over four decades since its discovery.