Frequency synthesizer with digital calibration in a GSM directs conversion application and MB-OFDM UWB communication

This paper presents a 0.18 μm CMOS Ultra wide band (UWB) frequency synthesizer with digital frequency calibration technique to generate all the carrier frequencies for GSM direct conversion application which can vary the tuning curve in the closest band to a target frequency, then, the technique can reduce the VCO gain K_VCO and achieve optimized phase noise and spur performance in a GSM directs conversion application and MB-OFDM UWB communication.