Emittance growth analysis of electon beams due to nonlinear focusing fields of PPM magnets

Emittance increasingly becomes an issue for high-frequency RF amplifiers as dimensions become minute. This is currently an active area of research with articles being published in 2014 to address designing emittance dominated beams for linear RF amplifiers.¹ Emittance growth, on the other hand, has never been thought to be an issue for RF amplifiers. We present a method for determining the emittance growth that can be caused by PPM focusing lattices. This can be used as a tool for determining important beam related design issues in RF amplifiers.