Real-Time Charging Management Framework for Electric Vehicle Aggregators in a Market Environment

A framework for real-time (RT) charging management of an electric vehicle aggregator (EVA) participating in electric energy and regulation markets is proposed. The developed models, which assign charging set points to the electric vehicles (EVs) based on evolving EV charging priorities, are formulated as linear programs that can be solved very fast. A model of the most common (constant current-constant voltage) battery charging method is also presented. A case study is examined, where an EVA representing 1000 EVs participates in the day-ahead and RT energy and regulation markets, and manages the RT charging of the EVs in his fleet based on the developed framework. Through this approach, conclusions on the impact of the charging priority parameterization for the RT EV charging management, the value of the dynamic regulation signal on the reliable EV participation in the regulation market, and the impact of the detailed battery modelling are derived.