How to contain your currents: use gradient guards and charge channels

The classical driven-guard principle applies only to electronic circuit regions that contain a single potential. But a driven outer shield can effectively guard regions within an inner shield that contain a potential gradient. The gradient-guard configuration contains charges within an inner guard and the charge-channel configuration assures that the current entering a conductor at one end will all exit the conductor at its other end even when the conductor and its shields are imbedded in poor insulation resistance to ground.