Design challenges and solutions for ultra-high-density monolithic 3D ICs

Monolithic 3D ICs (M3D) are an emerging technology that offers an ultra-high-density 3D integration due to the extremely small size of monolithic inter-tier vias. We explore various design styles available in M3D and present design techniques to obtain GDSII-level signoff quality results for each of these styles. We also discuss various challenges facing each style and provide solutions to them.