Microgrid communications: State of the art and future trends

Communication systems architecture, protocols, and tools are essential in microgrid implementation to ensure stable, reliable, and optimal operation. This paper reviews technological developments related to microgrid communication system protocols and standards. The physical layers applicable to microgrid communications are described. Research efforts in the area of microgrid communication are summarized and discussed. Potential future work is suggested based on the status of microgrid communications research.