Beyond multi-core: A survey of architectural innovations on microprocessor

As single-core processors are getting faster, the dual problems of heat dissipation and efficient use of Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP) has now become a major problems. Major chip developers such as Intel® have shifted to multi-core processor. Multi-core processor has a lower clock rate than single-core processors, but this is offset with architectural innovations. These innovations have also been incorporated to provide value-added performance to the multi-core processor. This research paper will survey the different architectural innovations introduced as of 2012, map these innovations with Intel processors and analyze the relationship of architecture trends to the development of processor.