Heterogeneous multi-hop LEACH routing protocol

An energy efficient routing protocol is the major concern in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In this paper, we describe LEACH routing protocol and some of its new versions. After that we propose an energy efficient hierarchical routing protocol, developed from LEACH. The basic concept involved in increasing energy efficiency and hence lifetime is to keep radio communication distance as minimum as possible The new version of LEACH uses heterogeneous multilevel clustering approach based on the distance of base station from cluster heads. We have used three different types of nodes based on their initial energy level. They have played different roles depending whether they are the member nodes or the cluster heads. The proposed algorithm is successfully simulated in MATLAB and the results show that it is more energy efficient than homogeneous LEACH.