Low dispersion nonlinear polarization maintaining Photonic Crystal Fiber using hybrid cladding

This paper presents and explores a new design hybrid cladding of nonlinear Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) with both very low dispersion and improved birefringence in a broad range of wavelength bands. The fundamental mode of birefringence and dispersion for such a PCF is analyzed numerically using the finite element method (FEM) with perfectly matched layer. Our proposed designed PCF contains a finite number of circular and elliptical air holes that are linearly placed to a straight line in a circle of boundary. It is demonstrated that our hybrid PCF can be used for different sensors and telecommunication applications cause it offers 0.0004 to 0.0009 birefringence and low dispersion (-4 to 8) ps/(km·nm) and nonlinear coefficient 7.8 to 3.7 W^-1km^-1 for a wide wavelength range 1.15 to 1.65 μm. Moreover our proposed design gives confinement loss 10^-7.5 to 10^-5.7 (dB/km) and effective area 1.45 × 10^-11 to 2.1×10^-11 μm² within this wide wavelength range.