Energy chain and efficiency in urban traffic for ICE and EV

Well to Wheel (WTW) efficiency is divided into Well to Tank (WTT) and Tank to Wheel (TTW). For ICE, WTT is much more efficient than TTW. For EV the opposite is the case. Over the whole WTW energy chain, only the best case for ICE is slightly more efficient than the worst case for EV. Although the TTW-efficiency for ICE will still increase, due to Peak Oil, WTT-efficiency for ICE will decrease. If sustainable electricity supply grows, WTT-efficiency of EV will increase. Moreover, the TTW-efficiency for EV in urban traffic is still increasing, among others through more effective regenerative braking.