Impact of black hole and gray hole attack in AODV protocol

Security is one of the major issues in MANET due to dynamically changing topologies, lack of centralized monitoring, open medium and bandwidth constraint. Black hole and gray hole attacks are DOS attacks that pose a great threat to the network integrity. This paper exhibits the effects of these attacks on applying AODV protocol based on various performance metrics such as throughput, packet drop ratio, normalized routing load and number of dropped packets on parameters such as varying speed, number of nodes and pause time. Also a measure suggested to minimize black hole attack has also been analysed on the above metrics.