Survey on distributed mobility management schemes for Proxy mobile IPv6

As a promising mobility protocol, Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) can provide mobility support without the involvement of the mobile nodes (MNs). It depends on the Local Mobility Anchor (LMA) and Mobility Access Gateway (MAG) to emulate the home network for the attached MNs. Based on this design principle, PMIPv6 works well only for small scale networks. However, with the rapid increase of the MNs as well as the huge traffic loads, PMIPv6 as a centralized mobility management protocol in which both the location management and dada forwarding are performed by the LMA, will induce lots of limitations, such as non-optimal routing, single point of failure, scalability and so on. Therefore, a trend to distributed mobility management (DMM) is popular, and several distributed solutions for PMIPv6 have been proposed until now. In this paper, we survey the different schemes of DMM and focus on the related solutions for PMIPv6 by qualitative analysis, and conclude the remaining challenges and open issues for future development.