High-temperature electroacoustic characterization of Y-cut and singly-rotated Ca3TaGa3Si2O14 resonators

Synthetic piezoelectric crystals in the P321 crystal class have been a focus of substantial research that is largely driven by applications in high-temperature resonant BAW and SAW sensing. Fully ordered crystals in this class, such as Ca₃TaGa₃Si₂O₁₄ (CTGS), have been suggested as offering the potential of electroacoustic performance that is superior to more extensively studied langasite (LGS) and langatate (LGT), which are partially disordered. In this study, the resonant frequencies, acoustic damping, and electrical conductivity of CTGS bulk acoustic resonators with V-cut and (VXl)-30° crystal orientations and fundamental frequencies near 5 MHz are investigated at temperatures between ambient and 1100°C. (VXl)-30° resonators are found to have turnover temperatures near 200°C for the third and fifth overtones, in contrast to a monotonic decrease in resonant frequencies of V-cut crystals with increasing temperature. The maximum temperature derivative of fractional changes in fifth-overtone frequency of (VXl)-30° CTGS is 40 × 10^-6K^-1 (near 1100°C), and this value is not greatly different from the temperature derivative of V-cut CTGS frequencies over a broader range of temperatures. At ambient temperatures, the acoustic loss Q^-1 of CTGS with both crystal orientations is found to be greater than the lowest values previously reported for LGS and LGT. The electrical conductivity of the CTGS specimens between 500°C and 1100°C is substantially lower than that previously reported for LGS. Corresponding to this lower conductivity, the piezoelectric/conductive contribution to Q^-1 at elevated temperatures is reduced. Additional anelastic relaxation peaks observed between 100°C and 700°C are similar to those previously reported for LGS and LGT.