Stochastic Transmission Policies for Energy Harvesting Nodes with Random Energy Leakage

We consider a single-link wireless communication system where the transmitter has a finite-capacity rechargeable battery that is receiving energy packets from an energy harvesting device (EHD) at certain time instants. A random energy leakage is assumed during the energy transfer from the EHD to the battery. For cases where the energy leakage can be described by statistical distribution models, we formulate the parametric average throughput maximization problem (P) with probabilistic energy and battery capacity constraints. We develop parameter dependent stochastic transmission policies (STPs) to manage the transmission power over a finite transmission interval. It is shown that STP improves the average throughput over both the static additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and fading channels by shortening the silent intervals, which occur when leakage unaware power allocation techniques are applied.