Passive satellite localization using TDOA/FDOA/AOA measurements

Dual satellite TDOA/FDOA localization scheme has problems of multiple ambiguous solutions and poor localization results in the sub-satellite area along the dual satellite baseline direction. Passive localization using TDOA and FDOA measurements usually does not have direct solution and requires numerical methods to determine the emitter's geolocation. We suggest a satellite passive localization method fusing the TDOA/FDOA/AOA measurements based on particle swarm optimization(PSO), which provides an evolutionary computation method to solve the nonlinear optimal problem. To be more close to the practical use, the WGS-84 earth model is adopted in this work. However, PSO can not be directly applied to geolocation problem due to the nonlinear constraint of earth surface. We examined a PSO based method which let the particle swarm fly on the earth surface. Computer simulation results show the effectiveness of the new localization method.