Trends in telephone and power practise as affecting coordination

The general (rends in telephone and electric power systems are outlined and the reactions of certain of these trends on coordination are described. In the telephone system, brief mention is made of the rapid growth of the dial system of operation, improvements in subscriber-station apparatus, rapid extension of new types of facilities for toll circuits and the growth of connections to foreign countries. Improvements in telephone service increase the importance of securing adequate coordination. The advantages of the use of cable facilities for toll circuits, of repeaters, of carrier current systems as regards coordination of long distance and interurban telephone circuits are discussed. The benefits accruing from improved subscriber-station apparatus, central office equipment, abandonment of iron wire for the short tributary toll circuits and new methods of making sleeves at joints in open wire lines are outlined. In the power system, brief mention is made of increasing use of larger generating units, and growing use of automatic devices to replace manual operation. Improvements in power service generally react favorably on coordination. The general trends toward higher voltages for transmission and distribution and the improved standards of construction accompanying these trends are described. The important matter of system stability and the practises as regards grounding of transmission circuit neutrals, lightning control and current limiting devices, and the reactions of these matters on coordination are out lined. Reference is also made to grounding of distribution system neutrals, service taps on transmission lines, general practises as regards transformer connections and improvements in wave shape in so far as these matters react on coordination. In conclusion, it is pointed out that, while there have been influences working both favorably and unfavorably toward coordination, the preponderant trend is definitely toward an improvement. The benefits which have accrued from the activities of the Joint General Committee and the important function of the Joint Subcommittee on Development and Research are also mentioned.