AGC Signal Modeling for Energy Storage Operations

Energy storage resources (ESRs) are being used for secondary frequency regulation in the bulk electric power grid. In order to optimize the economic scheduling of an ESR using look-ahead model predictive control, predictive models of the automatic generation control (AGC) signal and its effect on an ESR's state of charge are needed. In this letter, we suggest a straightforward and effective procedure for forecasting the next state of charge for an ESR that provides regulation service in a liberalized market setting.