Dual polarized array approaches for MPAR air traffic and weather radar applications

An initial study performed for the FAA and NOAA explores dual-polarization implementation options for a multifunction phased array radar (MPAR) that could replace the nation's air and weather surveillance radars. The study focuses on approaches to acquiring polarimetric data and on array geometries, both of which drive phased array costs of an MPAR design. Two dual-polarized approaches are found to result in reasonable phased array polarization purity requirements and costs. One of them (simultaneous collection of Hand V data using orthogonal waveforms) additionally makes efficient use of the radar timeline available for weather observation and hard target search and track missions. Three array geometries-a flat rotating array, a four-faced pyramid, and a commutating cylinder-meet mission requirements, with varying degrees of cost and complexity. A key study finding is that dual-polarized capabilities can be added to MPAR with modest increase in complexity and cost.