Cognitive MIMO ad hoc network to improve Spectrum Sensing in wireless communication

The spectrum is not always busy and a huge portion of the spectrum remains vacant at many instants which make vacant spectrum band. The process of identification of the vacant spectrum band by a Secondary User (CR) is called Spectrum Sensing. So first the CR should sense the transmission of the primary signal correctly, and then it adjust its parameters according to the environment, making sure that no transmission occurs from Primary User, to start its transmission accordingly. Cognitive Radio is an intelligent wireless communication technique in order to increase the spectrum efficiency and fairness issues. Cognitive radio is proposed as promising solutions for increasing spectrum utilization. Cross layer design recently become the new hype in wireless communication system. It is cooperation between multiple layers to combine the resources. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) is a potential solution to minimize the co channel interference where cognitive radio operating in coexisting environment. However two algorithms are proposed to improve spectrum sensing capability in cognitive radio network that is energy detection and cyclostationary algorithms. Both detection methods are used to determine the presence of primary signals over a range of frequencies has been found based on the energy levels of various frequencies crossing the threshold. Cyclostationary detection exploits the periodicity in the received primary signal to identify the presence of PUs. Cyclostationary spectrum sensing gives better results compared to Energy detection method at low Signal to Noise Ratios (SNRs).