Simulation, design and measurement of a shortwave antenna under consideration of the environment

In this paper we show that the radiation properties of a shortwave antenna are significantly influenced by a nearby building. The building itself has been used as back reflector for a 2-element vertical Yagi antenna to create a modified corner reflector antenna with optimized pattern and gain for the 14 MHz amateur radio band. This has been done by careful simulation of the antenna together with the building. Finally, the radiation characteristics of the new antenna have been measured regarding near field, far field and during practical radio operation on shortwave and compared to all the simulated results.