Dynamic control of effective area and nonlinearity by changing Ge-doped rate for photonic crystal fibers

We can obtain important optical transmission values of Germanium (Ge) doped-photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) of the effective area (A
_eff
) (variable range 7 to 25 [μm
²
]), extreme higher nonlinear coefficient (γ) (variable range 8.22-18.1[W
^-1
km
^-1
]), and lower confinement loss (L
_c
) than conventional pure-SiO
₂
based PCFs by changing Ge-doped rate, respectively with core regions, using numerical analysis and actual measurement results, bi-directionally.