Distribution state estimation performances with different state vectors

Electrical distribution systems of the future must be prepared to face envisaged environmental, technical and even economical constraints: increasing the number of connections of DG, changes in the voltage profile along the feeders, modifications of power losses among others. In this context, to ensure proper control of the distribution network, support of new automation functions in control centers of distribution systems is mandatory. Therefore, it is necessary to develop state estimators for the distribution systems of the future, to estimate the network's state in real time, based on real measurements, pseudo-measurements and virtual measurements. Such state estimation functions are widely used for transmission systems but can not be transposed directly into the distribution networks. The aim of this paper is to present several new state vectors for distribution state estimators for the smart grids and to give some elements of comparison.