Combining models to assess the impact of electric vehicles on an evolving grid

The paper presents how to cope the outcomes of an energy model like Markal with a new model aiming at having more insights on the role, thus the impact, that Electric drive train Vehicles (EVs) can play on a local grid and eventually how to minimize it. A MarkAl local model, which is a multi-period energy model, is coupled with a static transportation model (EVLS-V2G) including the vehicle to grid (V2G) option and integrating the Markal multi-period analysis with a more detailed time horizon reference. The formulation of a linear problem (LP) is proposed for the EVLS model and the relationships between the two models' input/output are discussed. An example allowing the understanding of how this coupling works is also given with respect to three different strategies: the smart charging, the uncontrolled and the V2G strategy.