Urine glucose analysis with functionalized graphene oxide as a material for amperometric sensor

New functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) was systematically coated on the fabricated Au-PCB for the detection of glucose in urine. The electrical response of FGO-Au-PCB exhibited a wide linearity of 1.7 ~ 44.4 mM of glucose levels and a constant variables was less than 3% of the previously performed multiple measurements. The practical application has been demonstrated by measuring the electrical response against glucose in urine samples. In addition, our findings show similar improvement in urine glucose; within each current level, there were significant improvements in urine glucose. Comparison between the urine glucose and blood glucose showed no significant different level from the same subjects.