Evaluation of breakdown characteristics of N2 gas for non-standard lightning impulse waveforms - breakdown characteristics in the presence of bias voltages under non-uniform electric field

SF₆ gas, an insulation medium used for gas insulated switchgear (GIS), has a high global warming potential, hence the search for an effective alternative is required from an environmental perspective. As one potential alternative, the authors are focusing on N₂ gas, which has relatively good insulation characteristics among gases with a low environmental impact. To use this N₂ gas for actual GIS, the insulation characteristics for actual overvoltage waveforms generated in the field (non-standard lightning impulse waveforms; non-standard-LIWs) must be obtained. The present study obtained and evaluated the insulation characteristics where a surge occurred in the presence of a bias voltage (dc component), which was considered realistic and severe under a non-uniform electric field typically represented by metallic particles. Consequently, it was concluded that the breakdown voltage was lower for positive polarity under a non-uniform electric field in the presence of a bias voltage and that it was appropriate to conduct an experiment using a positive polarity waveform when studying dielectric strength. Furthermore, it emerged that the breakdown voltage for a positive polarity waveform was 1.06 to 1.67 times higher than that for the standard lightning impulse waveform, even if the frequency and damping rate were changed. These results support the rationalization of insulation for actual surge waveforms under the quasi-uniform electric field.