Comparison of implementations of driving electronics for ultrasonic oscillating sensors

An oscillating ultrasonic sensor can be built using a pair of ultrasonic transducers and an amplifier but this configuration is insufficient for getting consistent output readings within a single frequency interval. Inclusion of a band pass filter and phase shifter enables frequency interval limiting and setting the desired frequency at the sensor's calibration point. These circuits are implemented using various construction techniques and components and are discussed in the paper along with two relevant block diagrams, one being convenient for research purposes and the other for production. Experimental results obtained for temperature and tilt sensors are presented.