Reliability evaluation of electrical substations under various failure modes

This paper proposes a reliability evaluation method of various types of bus arrangement in electrical substations. The reliability is evaluated by using the sequential Monte Carlo simulation method with minimal cut sets. Three types of failure modes, which cover all failures in practice, i.e. passive failure, active failure and maintenance outage, are considered. In addition, the operation of protective devices is also taken into account as it affects the path of power flowing in the substation. The reliability evaluation results of all bus arrangement types in electrical substations are compared by the following indices: LOLF, LOLD, and LOLP.