Secure energy-aware multipath routing protocol with transmission range adjustment for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor nodes have less power (uses battery) when compared with the wired network nodes. So routing protocol used in WSN must consume less power to increase the operational lifetime of the WSN. Use of single path routing protocols in WSN will lead to holes in the network because the data load is not shared among many paths like multipath routing protocol. So, multipath routing protocols are recommended for WSN. Node disjoint multiple paths are selected for data transmission to spread the load among different nodes. After selecting the multiple paths, the transmission range of the nodes are adjusted based on their neighbor node's location. If the neighbor node is nearer then the transmission range of the node is reduced which leads to the low energy consumption. To provide security digital signature based cryptographic system is used with the RSA algorithm and MD5 hash function.