Engineering tourism system of systems for guided emergence and desired capability From a perspective of intelligence approach

Tourism is an industry features multiple types of associated socio-economic sectors. Though complexity in the industry is recognized, research methodology has generally been reductionist, and has not understood tourism as a monolithic meta-system composed of independent and contributive component systems. Therefore, interpretations of tourism development are highly focused and sector-specific, thus limiting understanding of the complex inter-component relationships, the emergent behavior in system evolution and the impact of different component on the overall industrial capacity. This paper explores system of systems (SoS) science as an alternative paradigm to analyze the industry, and suggests that intelligence approaches is required to realize the engineering of the system of systems' operation towards desired outcomes. The industrial analysis and policy making will benefit from a system of systems engineering (SoSE) program. Therefore, this paper discusses a framework of an intelligence-approach based SoSE process focusing on guided emergence and overall capacity promotion of the tourism SoS. Intelligence approach and pattern recognition techniques are of great potential for system of systems research, particularly in identifying SoS architecture, characteristics, and the complex relationships between different component systems or stakeholders with different interests.