A CMOS auto-calibrated light-to-frequency converter

An auto-calibrated technique is proposed in this work. Before performing the proposed auto-calibrated technique, the linear error is 10.1%. After calibration, the linear error is reduced to 5.5%. The chip area is 0.683 × 1.055 mm². The dynamic range is 60 dB under the frequency range from 105 Hz to 102.774 kHz. The proposed chip is suitable for lighting instruments and devices.