History of developing and commercializing families of solid-state calculators

Beginning with the first all-electronic transistorized desktop calculator released in June of 1964., Sharp Corporation commercialized a sequence of solid-state calculators in rapid succession one after another by adopting germanium and silicon transistors, bipolar and MOS IC's, MOS and CMOS LSI's, LCD's, and photovoltaic-cells. The present article outlines Sharp's history of developing and commercializing these families of solid-state calculators, for which IEEE Milestone of Electrical Engineering and Computing was awarded in December 2005.